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Lƕ]Vm!?Aяȭ[V;*rIENDB`N(   UnZhttp://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ravenben/tapestryVBhttp://oceanstore.cs.berkeley.edup\http://oceanstore.cs.berkeley.edu/publicationsvbhttp://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ravenben/publications/ 0DTimes New RomanLv 0( 0DArial BlackmanLv 0( 0X" DArialBlackmanLv 0( 0X"0DWingdingskmanLv 0( 0X@DMonotype Corsivav 0( 0XBPDTahomae Corsivav 0( 0X"`DSymbole Corsivav 0( 0X `8.Z  @n?" dd@  @@`` hl"!  z@ #04@!   4  Z4*#&OL#_$$$b$g8TmT9j28b$\o"Nm6y 8 0e0e     A@  A5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||S" L\3f3@8H I C&ʚ;2Nʚ; g4BdBdv 0Fppp@ <4!d!d` 0L8<4dddd` 0L8___PPT9nfFu88 PNG  IHDRW?sRGBgAMA7 cHRMz&u0`:pQ<~?Publish / LookupRPublish object with ObjectID: // route towards  virtual root, ID=ObjectID For (i=0, i<Log2(N), i+=j) { //Define hierarchy j is # of bits in digit size, (i.e. for hex digits, j = 4 ) Insert entry into nearest node that matches on last i bits If no matches found, deterministically choose alternative Found real root node, when no external routes left Lookup object Traverse same path to root as publish, except search for entry at each node For (i=0, i<Log2(N), i+=j) { Search for cached object location Once found, route via IP or Tapestry to objectZ`ZZZiZQZ< #(   [  Q,&=-.Tapestry Mesh Incremental suffix-based routing&/K   Routing in Detail >.*Object Location Randomization and Locality>+K   @/ Talk OutlinedMotivation Tapestry overview Fault-tolerant operation Deployment / evaluation Related / ongoing work,e/,!Fault-tolerant LocationRMinimized soft-state vs. explicit fault-recovery Redundant roots Object names hashed w/ small salts multiple names/roots Queries and publishing utilize all roots in parallel P(finding reference w/ partition) = 1  (1/2)n where n = # of roots Soft-state periodic republish 50 million files/node, daily republish, b = 16, N = 2160 , 40B/msg, worst case update traffic: 156 kb/s, expected traffic w/ 240 real nodes: 39 kb/sHAZZZZA#b                (       RUD3Fault-tolerant RoutingKStrategy: Detect failures via soft-state probe packets Route around problematic hop via backup pointers Handling: 3 forward pointers per outgoing route (2 backups) 2nd chance algorithm for intermittent failures Upgrade backup pointers and replace Protocols: First Reachable Link Selection (FRLS) Proactive Duplicate Packet Routing Z^Z ZZ ZIZ ^ 4   O    ISummaryDecentralized location and routing infrastructure Core routing similar to PRR97 Distributed algorithms for object-root mapping, node insertion / deletion Fault-handling with redundancy, soft-state beacons, self-repair Decentralized and scalable, with locality Analytical properties Per node routing table size: bLogb(N) N = size of namespace, n = # of physical nodes Find object in Logb(n) overlay hops2&/$2                          ,8BA1 Talk OutlinedMotivation Tapestry overview Fault-tolerant operation Deployment / evaluation Related / ongoing work,e6F5Deployment StatusJava Implementation in OceanStore Running static Tapestry Deploying dynamic Tapestry with fault-tolerant routing Packet-level simulator Delay measured in network hops No cross traffic or queuing delays Topologies: AS, MBone, GT-ITM, TIERS ns2 simulationsb"Oh"Oh  -"Evaluation Results0Cached object pointers Efficient lookup for nearby objects Reasonable storage overhead Multiple object roots Improves availability under attack Improves performance and perf. stability Reliable packet delivery Redundant pointers approximate optimal reachability FRLS, a simple fault-tolerant UDP protocolZ@ZZLZZ_Z@L _,L ,G6First Reachable Link Selection6Use periodic UDP packets to gauge link condition Packets routed to shortest  good link Assumes IP cannot correct routing table in time for packet delivery XDB0 Talk OutlinedMotivation Tapestry overview Fault-tolerant operation Deployment / evaluation Related / ongoing work0eMf0 BayeuxGlobal-scale application-level multicast (NOSSDAV 2001) Scalability Scales to > 105 nodes Self-forming member group partitions Fault tolerance Multicast root replication FRLS for resilient packet delivery More optimizations Group ID clustering for better b/w utilizationDZ;ZZ>ZZ/ZD ,>  /J7Bayeux: Multicast L8Bayeux: Tree Partitioning 2$Overlay Routing NetworkszCAN: Ratnasamy et al., (ACIRI / UCB) Uses d-dimensional coordinate space to implement distributed hash table Route to neighbor closest to destination coordinate Chord: Stoica, Morris, Karger, et al., (MIT / UCB) Linear namespace modeled as circular address space  Finger-table point to logarithmic # of inc. remote hosts Pastry: Rowstron and Druschel (Microsoft / Rice ) Hypercube routing similar to PRR97 Objects replicated to servers by name%Z|Z3ZnZ3ZIZ v,n  +Ib   ]3#Ongoing ResearchFault-tolerant routing Reliable Overlay Networks (MIT) Fault-tolerant Overlay Routing (UCB) Application-level multicast Bayeux (UCB), CAN (AT&T), Scribe and Herald (Microsoft) File systems OceanStore (UCB) PAST (Microsoft / Rice) Cooperative File System (MIT)ZEZZ9Z ZGZE9 G For More InformationTapestry: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ravenben/tapestry OceanStore: http://oceanstore.cs.berkeley.edu Related papers: http://oceanstore.cs.berkeley.edu/publications http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ravenben/publications ravenben@cs.berkeley.edu . 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